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How Does ADHD Medication Work? When a neuron transmits an electrical signal to another, it utilizes chemicals known as neurotransmitters. These chemicals must pass through a small gap that is called a synapse. Certain ADHD medications can increase the efficiency of these messages. They can aid neurons in releasing more neurotransmitters or slow down the process of reuptake (called Reuptake inhibitors). Doctors begin ADHD patients with a low dose and monitor their reaction. They alter the dosage as they go along to determine an “sweet spot” -the lowest dosage that provides an immediate improvement in symptoms and very few side effects. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate, the first medication that doctors try to help ADHD children, is usually Methylphenidate. It works by increasing the amount of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brains of children which aids them in focusing and pay attention. It also decreases the impulsivity and hyperactivity of children. It's important to remember that methylphenidate is a controlled drug and should only be taken under a doctor's supervision. The most commonly used methylphenidate medicine is Ritalin. It comes in immediate-release tablets, chewable tablets, and capsules. Certain versions of the medication contain aspartame (an artificial sweetener) which can be hazardous for people suffering from Phenylketonuria, a genetic condition which causes severe intellectual impairment. Be sure to inform your doctor about any food allergies that you or your child may have. Researchers have found that methylphenidate may reduce abnormal activity, especially in the accumbens nucleus as well as a network of brain networks that are involved in regulating adaptive control. This is the reason why methylphenidate has been proven to be one of the most effective drugs for treating ADHD. The side effects of stimulants are sleepiness, nausea, headaches anxiety, agitation, an agitation and tics. These aren't common but they could be serious. If you notice them you must contact your doctor immediately. It is also important to inform your doctor if you or your child suffers from allergies or a history of heart disease, depression, bipolar disorder or other mental health problems, glaucoma, a history of seizures or stroke, or if you are taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) like isocarboxazid (Marplan) or linezolid (Zyvox) or the methylene blue, or phenelzine (Nardil). It is crucial to take your methylphenidate according to the doctor's prescription. Amphetamines Amphetamines can help you focus your thoughts and avoid distractions by speeding up the communication between brain cells. They are among the most commonly prescribed medications to treat ADHD in adults and children. They increase the levels neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine in your brain. Amphetamines are available in both short-acting (immediate-release) and intermediate or long-acting forms. They can be consumed orally as well as via injection. Some people have a difficult time with the side effects of stimulant drugs including sleeplessness, insomnia, or increased blood pressure and heart rate. Your doctor will be able to monitor your symptoms and adjust the dosage to find the right one for you. Some people may have to take a combination of medicines to achieve the desired effect. Stimulant drugs affect two important neurotransmitters that are located in the prefrontal cortex. This is the region of the brain which regulates emotions and manages your behavior. These drugs are prescribed to treat a variety of mental health issues, including ADD/ADHD, depression, anxiety and bipolar disorder. The most popular types of stimulant drugs are amphetamines and methylphenidates. The FDA has approved dozens brand-name stimulants for treating ADHD. They come in different forms, from short-acting to long-acting. They are injected orally or by injection. Amphetamines are frequently misused by teens who use them to stay awake and study for tests, or by truck drivers and students who require more energy for endurance sports. They can also cause psychological and physical problems if used in excess, particularly with higher doses. ADHD can be treated using non-stimulant medication. add in adults medication include atomoxetine clonidine and Guanfacine. They are in the same class as antidepressants and belong to the norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors and alpha-2 adrenergic agonists classes. They are based on the same chemicals as stimulants but are less likely to cause tics worse, which is a problem for those suffering from Tourette's syndrome. Short-acting stimulants These medicines are prescribed to treat adolescents and children with ADHD. These medications can be taken orally or applied to the skin. They are available in liquids and patches as well as pills that can either be swallowed or chewed. These medications are typically only available through prescription. The medications include methylphenidate (brand names Ritalin, Concerta, Focalin, Daytrana), and amphetamines (Adderall, Dexedrine, Vyvanse). Short-acting stimulants work quickly and last for 3 and 6 hours. These medications alleviate symptoms for 70-80 percent of children and adults with ADHD. They can reduce fidgeting and interruptions, as well as making it easier to finish tasks. They also help improve academic performance and relationships. They can't correct the root issues that are the cause of ADHD. Therefore, it's crucial to use them along with behavior therapy. It is important to be aware that ADHD medications can cause side effects. You might feel tired, cranky, or sleepless. These effects are usually minimal, and they disappear when the medication has left your system. Your doctor will probably recommend taking a small dose at first and then increase it gradually. They'll watch to see how the medication affects you or your child and check for any issues. Finding the right medication for you or your children might take some time. It is best to be honest with your health care provider and communicate clearly. They may suggest changes in the frequency of medication that you or your child is taking or if a medication is required at any time. They'll also be looking to determine if you or your child is suffering from any other mental or medical health conditions. Intermediate stimulants Stimulants control ADHD symptoms by altering neurotransmitter activity in the brain. This boosts the levels of norepinephrine and dopamine, two substances that are important for the pre-frontal cortex area of the brain. (Think of it as “your secretary” in the executive part of your mind). Stimulant medications are efficient for the majority of ADHD children. Your doctor will help you determine the right medication and dosage for you. It is possible to test various kinds of medication before you find the one that works for you or your children. You can consume these stimulants in liquid or chewable tablet form. These medications begin working quickly and last for three or four hours. Some people have a problem after the medication has worn off, a phenomenon known as the “crash effect.” This typically results in a sharp decrease in energy and can result in intense hunger. Long-acting stimulants (like dexamfetamine and Lisdexamfetamine) are also available. They are more complicated and require prescriptions. They are injected into the bloodstream, and they become active in the red blood cells. It takes time to find the correct dosage, medication and schedule for your child or you. Your doctor will observe your response to the medication and look for any issues such as sleep issues. If you or your child are not responding well to stimulants, they will also discuss non-stimulant medications. You should never discontinue or alter your ADHD medication without consulting your doctor first. Inform your doctor if you use any prescription medications or supplements, since some can interact with ADHD medications. Long-acting stimulants Stimulant medications work for 70-80 percent of children and adults with ADHD aiding in cutting down on hyperactivity, interruptions, fidgeting, and impulsivity. They also help increase focus and help people complete tasks and maintain relationships. However, they aren't able to alleviate moodiness or other irritable symptoms. And they may cause adverse effects such as loss of appetite, insomnia nausea, jitteriness changes in heart rhythm and high blood pressure. These medications work in phases to treat ADHD symptoms all day long. The majority begin to work within 30 to 45 minutes. They wear off within 3 to 6 hours. They can be used by themselves or in conjunction with other forms of ADHD treatment, like behavioral therapy. Some of these long-acting stimulants, including the atomoxetine (Strattera) and guanfacine-ER (Intuniv) are able to last through the night and into the morning. Some doctors recommend taking these in the afternoon, to avoid patients from requiring additional medication during school or afterschool. Long-acting stimulants aren't able to increase dopamine levels to the same degree as intermediate- or short-acting drugs. However, they still increase dopamine levels significantly. They don't have the same effects on rebound as shorter-acting stimulants. Due to the possibility of adverse effects Due to the possibility of side effects, long-acting stimulants are usually prescribed as a second line treatment for older teens suffering from ADHD. They are also used to treat certain people suffering from ADHD if other medications haven't helped. While medication can help improve concentration and self-control, it's never the whole answer for those with ADHD. When combined with good sleep habits, healthy eating, and other strategies for self-help it's usually possible to eliminate or reduce the need for ADHD medicine.